《大学英语预备级1》导学资料一
第（一、二）单元
1.本章学习的课程内容
1.1 Unit 1 Spare the Rod
Reading: A School with No Rules
This unit discusses different ideas about discipline in schools by looking at the context of the “free” school of Summerhill where the students make the rules. This unit relates discipline to learning and motivation Reading by Yourself: Why Do We Learn?
Grammar: Preposition
1.2 Unit 2 Mystery Writing
Reading: Fear of the Unknown, Not the known
This unit has a mystery poem and a mystery story. There is also a discussion of a real-life mystery about the famous mystery writer, Agatha Christie. Reading by Yourself: The Queen of Crime
Grammar: Singular and Plural Nouns
2. 本阶段的学习重点和练习题：
2.1 词汇：Vocabulary
2.1.1近义词的区别：
(Unit 1. P3)
“In order to do this, we had to abandon all discipline, all direction, all suggestion, all moral and religious instruction”.
abandon, desert, resign (v)
abandon 指彻底地，永久地离开某个地方，如家园、船只、飞机等等。或因外界压力而放弃直接负有的责任或感兴趣的东西。当表示抛弃、遗弃含义时宾语为人，往往表示割断某种亲情或友情等等。
例：The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund. She was obliged to abandon his idea.
The crew abandoned their house when the flood came.
I don’t think that John would abandon his friends if they were in trouble.
固定搭配：abandon oneself to 听任，陷入，沉溺于
例：He abandoned himself to despair/ grief/ a life of pleasure.
desert 当宾语是人时也有“遗弃、抛弃”之意，当宾语是地名时，表示静无一人，无人居住。其过去分词可做表语和定语。
例：He felt guilty of deserting his wife.
The grey streets were deserted as I wandered through the town. The deserted house fell into ruins.
resign 辞职 vi 辞去职位 vt
Unit 1 P4
“Bed times have been abolished and teachers have been penalized for drinking.”
abolish, dissolve, withdraw (v)
abolish 意为废除、取消，指正式废除法律、制度、风俗习惯和传统思想。 例：Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the United States.
dissolve 意为解散、取消、结束，主要指取消会议，解散议会、合同和婚姻等关系。
例：to dissolve a business partnership/ a marriage/ an agreement The Queen dissolved Parliament.
withdraw 强调撤回，可指从某地撤回某物、提取存款、收回旧币等。还有撤退的含义。
例：I withdraw the remark/ my criticism.
He has withdrawn 2000$ from his account.
Unit 1 P16-17
“Later, students were encouraged to learn in the hope of getting some kind of reward.”
“However, you will probably find that she awards marks for the work done by her pupils, and you will certainly find that the very careless or overactive student is punished.”
award, reward, prize
award:作名词时指在工作中达到或完成颁奖者所提出的要求或条件的人经过评判后所获得的奖赏，可以是物质性的，也可以是证书、奖杯之类的荣誉性的奖励。 He received honors and awards from the government
for his contributions to agricultural production.The college offered an award of 1000 yuan to the good
students.
prize: 指竞赛优胜者或抽彩获得的奖品、奖金，一般是物质上的，比award更具体，当表示奖励等级时，常用该词，如一等奖，二等奖，而不用award. When the last prize was awarded, he was disappointed.
reward: 作名词指因某人的劳动或行为而得到的报酬、奖励；或因具有某项高贵品质如美德、诚实等而得到的奖赏、回报。
He got a reward of 20 yuan for taking my luggage to the station.
reward: 作动词时指酬谢给他人的劳动价值。
We should reward everyone according to their achievements.
award: 作动词时指官方奖励在某些方面做出突出贡献者，或在比赛中的优胜者。 He was awarded the first prize for his excellent English speech.
2.1.2 词汇分类:
Unit 1 P4 senior 高中
nursery: 托儿所
kindergarten: 幼稚园
primary school: 小学
junior high school: 初中
senior high school: 高中
university: freshman/ sophomore/ junior/ senor
BA: Bachelor of Arts: 文学学士
BS: Bachelor of Science: 理学学士
graduate: 研究生
MA: Master of Arts 文学硕士
MS: Master of Science: 理学硕士
doctor: 博士
postdoctor: 博士后
Unit 1 P4
“Today they include doctors, musicians and artists”.
doctor/ dentist/ surgeon/ physician/ specialist
dustman/ milkman/ postman
schoolmaster/ postmaster/ photographer
cook/ chef/ waitress/ waiter/ baker
doorman/ doorkeeper/ bodyguard/ housekeeper
broker/ accountant/ teller/ cashier/ banker
lawyer/ judge/ criminal/ policeman
engineer/ programmer/ bricklayer/ architect
hairdresser/ barber
airhostess/ pilot/ astronaut
teacher/assistant/ lecturer/ associate/ professor
salesman/ shop assistant/ saleslady/ businessman
librarian/ mathematician
2.3 练习题：
例：They are intending to resign from the committee.
He resigned his position as a bodyguard.
试题：The plan was when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.
A) released B) desert C) resigned D) abandoned
答案：D.
例：选词填空：prize, award, reward
Sometimes are for victory, but often the pleasure of winning is enough .
答案：Sometimes prizes are awarded for victory, but often the pleasure of winning is enough reward.
有时对优胜者发给奖品，但获胜的喜悦本身就常常是最好的奖赏了。