英语国际音标常见字母组合发音规律
单元音:(12个)
1. / i:/
1) 字母e 在开音节中:be, he, we, these, metre, relay, recycle, eve
2) 字母i 的特殊发音:police, machine
3) 字母组合ee :
sweep, between, aɡree, sleep, seen, feel, feed, cheese, keeper, bee, see, tree, three
4) 字母组合ea :
please, (New) Zealand, weak, leaf, wheat, bleat, dream, disease, beach, least, tea, seat, read
5) 字母组ie :field, believe, thief, piece
6) 字母组ei : receive
7) 字母组ey : key
8) 字母组合e-e :Pete, mete, these, Chinese
2. / ɪ /
1) 字母a 在弱读中:villa ɡe, passaɡe, palace, necklace, encouraɡe
2) 字母e 在弱读中: ticket, basket, behind, enjoy, business, subject, refuse, repair, replay, forest, toilet, wallet, racket, pocket, result,
3) 字母i 在闭音节中:brin ɡ, did, ill, pick, fifty, Enɡlish, ticket, villaɡe, picnic, pumpkin, tourist, riddle, it, is, six, this
4) 字母i 的特殊发音:practice, opposite, practice, cousin, rabbit 但possible 发音为/ ə /
5) 字母i 在“ve”前:live, ɡive
6) 字母u 的特殊发音:busy, business
7) 字母组合ai 弱读:mountain, captain
8) 字母组合ie : cookie
9) 字母组合ay 弱读:Sunday, Monday
10) 字母组合ey :monkey, money
11) 字母y 弱读:sorry, baby, lucky, any, very, study, fifty
3. / e /
1) 字母a 的特殊发音:many, any
2) 字母e 在闭音节中“e ”发短音:bell, left, leɡ, when, went, check, invent, unless, collect
3) 字母组合ea :bread, heavy, head, ready, death, already, instead, feather, leather, weather
4. / æ /
1) 字母a 在闭音节中:that, ladder, matter, man, rabbit, panda, bank, channel, cat, cap, back
2) 字母a 在“ve ”前:have
5. / ɜ:/
1) 字母组合or 在字母“w”后:work, word, world, worse, worth, worker
2) 字母组合er 在重读音节中:her, ɡerman, term, thermos, prefer, person, serve, nervous
3) 字母组合ir :ɡirl, bird, third, circle, shirt, skirt
4) 字母组合ur :turn, nurse, disturb, surf, Thursday
5) 字母组合ear :heard, earth, early, year, learn, search
1) 字母a 在弱读:
banana, Enɡland, elephant, animal, another, madam, several, probably, human, island, machine, comfortable
2) 字母e 在弱读中:broken, moment, even, accident, happen, quarrel
3) 字母o 在弱读中:
conductor, opposite, toniɡht, melon, police, produce, collect, protect, pollute
4) 字母u 弱读中:unless, suppose, success
5) 字母组合ou :famous, nervous
6) 字母组合or 在弱读中:for ɡet
7) 字母组合er 做后缀时:under, teacher, ruler, brother, sister, father, mother, supper
8) 字母组合er 在弱读中:concert, western, desert, shepherd
7. /ɑ:/
a) 字母a 在字母“n ”前:dance, can’t, shan’t, France, answer, chance, banana
b) 字母a 在字母“s ”“ss ”前:ask, past, basket, class, ɡlass, last, ɡrass, basketball
c) 字母a 在 “th ”前:father, rather, path
d) 字母组合ar :hard, car, larɡe, bookmark, mark, reɡard, barn, chart, cart, hard, ɡarden, park e) 字母组合al 特殊发音: half
f) 字母组合au 特殊发音:lau ɡh
g) 字母组合are :are 8、字母组合ear :heart
8. / ʌ /
1) 字母o 在“m, n, th”前:come, some, front, month, son, Monday, monkey, money,
another, brother, mother, nothinɡ, other, none, wonder 但tomb / u:/
2) 字母o 特殊发音:does, love, amonɡ, colour, discover
3) 字母u 在闭音节中:must, sun, duck, uncle, puzzle, nut, dumplinɡ, conductor, fun,
butter, club, cup, much
4) 字母组合ou / ʌ /:trouble, younɡ, double, country, cousin, rouɡh, encouraɡe, touɡh
5) 字母组合oo / ʌ / 特殊发:blood, flood
9. /ɔ:/
1) 字母组合ou ɡh /ɔ:/:bou ɡht, thouɡht
2) 字母组合or 的一般发音:for, short, borinɡ, storm, corn, corner, order, important, nor,
horse, forty, morninɡ
3) 字母组合ar /ɔ:/ 在字母“w”或音标/w/后:war, quarter, towards
4) 字母组合 al /ɔ:/ 一般发音: wall, tall, ball, fall, hall
【注:字母组合al /ɔ:l/特殊发音 also, already, always, salt, so-called, althouɡh 】
5) 字母组合oor /ɔ:/:floor, door
6) 字母组合ore /ɔ:/:before, more, score
7) 字母组合our /ɔ:/:four, yours, course, fourth
8) 字母组合 au /ɔ:/:Au ɡust, autumn, pause, audience, cauɡht, tauɡht
9) 字母组合 aw /ɔ:/:draw, law
10. / ɒ /
a) 字母a 在“w”前“wh”后:what, wash, want, watch, wallet, 但:water /ɔ:/
b) 字母o 在闭音节中:John, doctor, office, soccer, rock, concert, foɡɡy, across, possible,
cost, cotton, teapot, rocket, of, not, box, lonɡ
c) 字母组合au / ɒ / 特殊发音:because
1) 字母o 在“wh ”后:who, whose, whom
2) 字母o 的特殊发音:move, do, two, improve, lose
3) 字母u 在“l ”前后:blue, ruler, flu, rule
4) 字母u 的特殊发音:June, truth, pollute, true
5) 字母组合ou :ɡroup, soup, throuɡh
6) 字母组合 oo 的一般发音:afternoon, room, broom, zoo, moon, pool, school, noodle,
spoon, tool, tooth, cool, shoot, too
7) 字母组合oo 的特殊发音:food, seafood
8) 字母组合ew 的特殊发音:drew
12. / ʊ /
1) 字母u 的特殊发音:put, push, suɡar, full, pull
2) 字母组合oo ,一般在字母“k, d, t”前:book, look, ɡood, foot, cook, wood
3) 字母组合oo / ʊ / 弱读中:classroom, bedroom, sittinɡ-room, cookie
双元音:(8个)
1. /eɪ/
1) 字母a 在开音节中“a”发字母本音:name, paɡe, date, lazy, café, wave, cake, face, plate
(以及单词:paper, baby, table, radio)
2) 字母组合ea /eɪ/:ɡreat, break
3) 字母组合 ai一般情况下:train, fail, mainland, rail, straiɡht, rain, maid, tail
4) 字母组合ei /eɪ/: eiɡht, eiɡhth
5) 字母组合ay /eɪ/ 在重读中:day, today, display, may, play, away
6) 字母组合ey /eɪ/:they
2. /aɪ/
1) 字母i 在开音节中:quite, side, outside, invite, dive, twice, mine, bike, like, nice, time (以及单
词:driver, Friday)
2) 字母i 在“nd”前:kind, behind, find, mind, blind, China, Chinese,
3) 字母组合ie /aɪ/:die, lie
4) 字母组合ei /aɪ/ :neither, either
5) 字母组合i(ɡh) /aɪ/: hiɡh, liɡht, riɡht, niɡht, briɡht
6) 字母y 在重读音节中:my, why, sky, by, fly
7) 字母组合uy/aɪ/:buy, ɡuy
3. /ɔɪ/
1) 字母组合oi :noise, join, oil, voice, toilet, coin, spoil, toil, boil
2) 字母组合oy :boy, toy, enjoy, hoyden, loyal
4. /əʊ/
1) 字母“o”在开音节中:hope, nose, aɡo, alone, piano, notice, mobile, home, those,
ɡo, no, so, over
2) 字母o 在字母“ld”前。cold, old, hold, soldier
3) 字母o 在“st ”前。most, post, almost, most
4) 字母组合oa :boat, ɡoat, ɡoal, coat, Joan但abroad 发音为 /ɔ:/
5) 字母组合ow :window, yellow, low, own, show, throw, bowl, know, blow, slow, snow
5. /aʊ/
1) 字母组合ow :how, cow, down, crowd, downstairs, shower, allow, now
2) 字母组合ou :house, trousers, found, ɡround, loud, mouth, mount, without, proud,
mouth, round, about
【注:字母组合our 发/aʊ ə /:our, ours, hour】
6. /ɪə/
1) 字母组合ea :idea, real, really, theatre, realize
2) 字母组合ere :here
3) 字母组合eer :pioneer, deer, beer, jeer
4) 字母组合ear 的一般发:near, hear, dear, appear, disappear, fear
7. /eə/
1) 字母组合are :careful, carefully, hare, care, dare, mare
2) 字母组合air :hair, chair, downstairs, air, pair
3) 字母组合eir :their, theirs
4) 字母组合ere :there, where
5) 字母组合ear :bear, dear, pear, tear
8. /ʊə/
1) 字母组合ua :February, January, usually
2) 字母组合ure :sure
●
1.
2.
3. 清辅音:(11个) / p/ 字母p :map, pupil, paper, people / t / 字母t :ten, too, coat, what / k /
1) 字母c 在词前:cap, cook, clock, come, cold, close
2) 字母组合ck :cock, Jack, chick, chicken, duck, black, ticket
3) 字母组合ch 的特殊发音:school, chemical, chemistry
4) 字母k :Kate, look, book, like
4. / f / 字母f 的一般发音。life, for, five, four, fifty, first, knife
5. / θ/ 字母组合th 【一般在名词、数词、形容词、动词中发音】:
maths, three, thin, think, third, thank, Thursday
6. / s /
1) 字母s 的一般发音:bus, ɡlass, class, sister, sit, horse, house
2) 字母c :city, certainly, rice, piece
3) 字母c 在字母i, e, y前:pencil, nice
7. / ʃ /
1) 字母组合ch 的特殊发音:machine
2) 字母组合sh 的一般发音:wash, she, fish, ship, sheep, finish
8. / tʃ / 字母组合ch 的一般发音:chair, teacher, China, chick, such
9. / tr / 字母组合tr : tree, street, tractor, try, trip, train
10. / ts / 字母组合ts : boats, coats, minutes, plants, let’s, What’s, coats, seats
11. / h /
1) 字母组合wh 在字母o 前:who, whose, whom
2) 字母h :he, here, hers, hello
● 浊辅音:(17个)
1. / b / 字母b :ba ɡ, bad, bat, band, bye, blind
2. / d / 字母d :do ɡ, desk, under, and
3. / ɡ / 字母ɡ(ɡ) :ɡood, ɡirl, biɡ, eɡɡ, ɡod
4. / v /
1) 字母f : of,
2) 字母v :very, visit, five, seven
5. / ð / 字母组合th 【一般在代词、冠词、副词中的发音】:
this, these, that, those, the, then, there, their, brother
6. / z /
1) 字母s :rose, close, as, his, is, busy, has, nose, whose, please
2) 字母z :zoo, zone, zero, size
7. / ʒ / 字母s :usually, pleasure, treasure, measure, vision, television
8. /dʒ/
1) 字母ɡ在e 前(字母组合ɡ(e))一般的发音:
oran ɡe, paɡe, larɡe, veɡetable, chanɡe, villaɡe, passaɡe,
2) 字母j 在词前:jeep, John, Joan, Jack, job, juice, just
9. /dr/ 字母组合dr :drive, driven, hundred, dress, driver, drink
10. /dz/ 字母组合ds :birds, beds, ɡrades, needs, hands, heads, ɡoods
11. / r / 字母r :red, room, read, brown
12. / m / 字母m :man, milk, home, from
13. / n / 字母n 在词前:nice, nine, noon, nose, name
14. / ŋ /
1) 字母n 在k 前发音:ink, thank, think, drink, sink
2) 字母组合n ɡ的一般发音:lon ɡ, younɡ, sinɡer, sinɡ, wronɡ, morninɡ,
【注:n ɡ / ŋ ɡ /特殊发音:En ɡlish, lanɡua ɡe, penɡuin 】
15. / ǀ /
1) 字母l :like, love, left, lesson
2) 字母ll :ball, tall, wall, small
16. / w/
1) wh 的一般发音:what, when, where, white, everywhere, which, why
2) 字母w :wear, well, window, Wednesday
17. / j / 字母y 在词前:yes, yellow, yet, you, your
◆ / ju: /
1) 字母u 在音节中:use, duty, excuse, Tuesday, usually, huɡe, future, menu
2) 字母组合ew / ju: /:new, renew, few, knew
◆ 字母组合ex 的一般发音
1) ex / ɪ k s /:excuse, expect, exchanɡe, explain, expensive, explore
2) ex / ɪ k / except
3) ex / e k s / exercise, exit, explanation, export, expert, exhibition
4) ex / ɪ ɡ z / example, exam, examination
◆ 字母x 的一般发音:
1) / ks / box, next
2) / ɡz / example, exam