2015年上海市高三英语 八校联考
I. Listening Comprehension（略）
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
Scotland is a unique place, full of history, where you can find noble palaces and castles, as well as the traditional parade in national costumes. It has some of 25__________(beautiful) cities in Europe, a living proof of a proud and splendid past.
In order to see the true soul of Scotland today, what shaped the character of this splendid region, we 26________ ________go towards the northern regions, to the Grampian Mountains. Beautiful and unspoiled, it was difficult to farm. The Scots conquered the environment with simple spades and strong arms.
The history of this ancient struggle, and its people’s ancient love affair with the hard land, 27__________(enclose) within the walls of the Angus Folk Museum. You are able to get a feel of the typical rural atmosphere of times past from the everyday necessities 28__________(display) here.
From coastal Aberdeen in towards the interior of the Grampian Mountains there 29 __________(run) the Castle Trail, a road that touches on many fortresses, 30 __________ are witnesses of continual rebellions against the ruling of neighboring England in Scottish history.
Perhaps the most uplifting moment for Scottish autonomy(自治) is the 31_________ which was experienced inside this ancient church of Arbroath, 32__________, in 1320, the Declaration of Independence was celebrated at the encouragement of King Robert the Bruce. He carried out the plan for autonomy drawn up by the great popular hero William Wallace, to whom cinema has devoted the wonderful film “Brave Heart”, the winner of five Oscars.
(B)
Alice worked in the dry goods store from eight in the morning until six at night. As time passed and she became more and more lonely she began to practice the devices common 33_________ lonely people. When at night she went upstairs into her own room she knelt on the floor to pray and in her prayers 34_________ (whisper) things she wanted to say to her lover.
The trick of saving money, begun for a purpose, was carried on after the scheme of going to the city 35_________(find) Ned Currie, had been given up. It became a fixed habit, and when she needed new clothes she did not get them. Sometimes on rainy afternoons in the store she got out her bank book and, 36_________ (let) it lie open before her, spent hours 37_________(dream) impossible dreams of saving money enough 38_________ _________ the interest would support both herself and her future husband.
In the dry goods store weeks ran into months and months into years as Alice waited and dreamed of her lover's return. Her employer, a grey old man with false teeth and a thin grey mustache that drooped down over his mouth, was not given to conversation, and sometimes, on rainy days and in the winter 39_________ a storm raged in Main Street, long hours passed when no customers came in. Alice arranged and rearranged the stock. She stood near the front window where she could look down the deserted street and thought of the evenings when she had walked with Ned Currie and of 40_________ he had said.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.
Are you a science fan? If so, which area interests you: physics, chemistry, or biology? Whichever area it is, science is all about finding answers and 41 _______. Sure, we can read books and find out how many things work and learn equations or formulas to help us better understand the world around us. However, the information we 42 _______from books needs to be put into practice and then used in research to make further 43 _______.
The annual “Shanghai Future Science Stars” Contest was held recently, with a variety of entries in different fields, from physics to medicine, submitted (提交) by adolescent science enthusiasts from across the city. This year some notable submissions, ranging from a jumping robotic frog to the 44 _______properties of titanium dioxide (二氧化钛) on hair against UV rays, 45 _______the adolescent scientists’ innovations and research skills.
In the past, China was a culture of creativity and innovation that contributed some major 46 _______to the world, such as the printing press, paper, the compass and gunpowder. This contest is aimed at nurturing (培养) that creativity and 47 _______people to put into practice what they’ve learnt from books.
This nurturing needs to be started in school; science needs to be taught in a way that is fun and engages students’ minds. Simply studying other people’s experiments and being told the results isn’t something that 48 _______a student’s imagination. If students are able to conduct some of the smaller experiments themselves, then maybe they will discover a passion for science they didn’t know they had before.
The world is always 49 _______. Today’s scientists and innovators won’t be around forever, so now is the time to find new talent. The next Einstein or Edison might be sitting next to you in class, or it could even be you and you just don’t know it. These competitions are aimed at giving people hands-on experience and the platform to show what they can do.
Next time you’re in class, don’t just read and listen; try to think of ways what you are learning can be 50 _______to real-life situations. Look around! It’s an interesting world and maybe you can make it a little better to live in.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Arabs consider it extremely bad manners to start talking business immediately. Even the busiest government official or executive always takes 51_______ time to be polite and offer refreshments. No matter how busy you are, you should make time for this hospitality.
The "conference visit" is a way of doing business throughout the Arab world. Frequently, you will have to discuss your business 52_______ strangers, who may or may not have anything to do with your business. Do not be surprised if your meeting is 53_______ several times by people who come into the room unannounced, 54_______ or speak softly to the person with whom you are talking, and 55_______. Act 56_______ you do not hear, and never show displeasure at being interrupted.
Making decisions 57_______ is not an Arab custom. There is a vagueness in doing business in the Middle East that 58_______ a newcomer. Give yourself lots of time and ask lots of questions. 59_______ is an important
quality. You may have to wait two or three days to see high-level government officials as they are very busy. Give yourself enough time. Personal relationships are very important. They are the key to doing business in Arab countries. Try to 60_______ the decision-maker regarding your product service immediately and get to know him on a friend basis. Do your 61_______. Be prepared to discuss details of your product or proposal. Be ready to answer technical questions. Familiarize yourself with the Moslem and national holidays. 62_______ a visit during Ramadan, the Moslem month of fasting. Most Arab countries have six-day workweek form. Saturday through Thursday. When matched with the Monday to Friday practice in most Western countries, it leaves only three and a half workdays shared. Remember this in planning your appointments. Moslems do not eat pork. Some are strict about the religion’s prohi bition against alcoholic beverages. If you are not sure, wait for your 63_______to suggest the proper thing to drink.
When an Arab says yes, he may mean "64_______". When he says maybe, he probably means "no". You seldom get a direct "no" from an Arab because it is considered 65_______. Also, he does not want to close his options. Instead of “no”, he will say “inshallah”, which means, “if God is willing”. On the other hand, "yes" does not necessarily mean "yes". A smile and a slow nod might seem like an agreement, but in fact, your host is being polite. An Arab considers it impolite to disagree with a guest.
51. A. extra B. little C. dinner D. no
52. A. at the mention of B. in the presence of C. on behalf of D. with the help of
53. A. honored B. hosted C. interrupted D. interpreted
54. A. sneeze B. signal C. wave D. whisper
55. A. cry B. leave C. smile D. stand
56. A. as though B. if only C. even if D. so that
57. A. carefully B. finally C. quickly D. unwillingly
58. A. encourages B. greets C. puzzles D. welcomes
59. A. Bravery B. Courage C. Diligence D. Patience
60. A. admire B. identify C. respect D. thank
61. A. experiment B. homework C. pray D. business
62. A. Avoid B. Pay C. Reject D. Request
63. A. boss B. friend C. host D. official
64. A. yes B. no C. maybe D. inshallah
65. A. direct B. formal C. hospitable D. impolite
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Should parents send their freshmen off to campus armed with a debit or credit card to learn how to handle money? Or is it better to keep firm control through the Bank of Mom and Dad? The "correct" answer will vary by family and personal preference.
The Credit Card Act that took effect 2.5 years ago made it much harder for anyone under 21 to get a card. Gone are the days of card issuers collecting plenty of new customers on campus by handing out free T-shirts or rewards points for spring break.
Under-21s can still obtain a credit card if they have a qualified co-signer or proof of sufficient income to repay the debt. And card issuers still market aggressively to college students, targeting them with pre-screened mail offers. That makes parents, as the likeliest co-signers, more involved in the card-or-no-card decision.
Robyn Kahn Federman of Rochester, N.Y., says there’s “no way” she’ll let either of her two daughters have a credit card at such a financially tender age. Her daughter Sarah, who’s 19 and about to start her second year of college, uses Robyn’s PayPal card instead. That lets her mom fund the balance and see how she spends her money.
“I don’t think anything related to debt belongs in the hands of a college kid,” says Federman, communications director of a marketing agency. “The vast majority are not experienced enough with money or aware enough of the risks.”
Some students, though, have shown they’re disciplined enough to have their own card on campus.
Scott Gamm, 20, a junior at New York University's Stern School of Business, used his income from freelance (自由职业的) work and blogging to obtain a Visa card and then an American Express card. He charges $200 to $300 on them monthly and pays every bill in full.
But he has friends who obtained three or four cards within a year and now have big debts.
“The more credit you have access to, especially at that young age, the higher the probability you’ll use that card to finance fancy clothes, restaurants and entertainment.” says Gamm.
66. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?
A. People hold different opinions about their kids using credit cards
B. Credit cards are useful in helping deal with money matters.
C. It is better to have Mom and Dad who now run a bank.
D. The new Act made it impossible to get a credit card for freshmen.
.
A. own a credit card of his own previously
B. have someone to repay the possible debt
C. turn to their parents to get their permission
D. ask their parents to write the application letter
.
A. is a kind of credit card B. funds the balance automatically
C. has access to credit D. keeps records of money spent
69. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The Credit Card Act B. Students and credit cards
C. Card issuers and students D. Parents and choice of cards
(B)
Dan Bilsker PhD
(Lead Author)
Dan is a clinical
psychologist who
works at Vancouver
General Hospital and
consults to a mental
health research
group at the
University of British
Columbia.
Merv Gilbert PhD Merv is a clinical psychologist working at British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital and in private practice in Vancouver. David Worling PhD David is a clinical psychologist working in private practice in Vancouver. E. Jane Garland M.D., F.R.C.P.(C) Jane is a psychiatrist with a Mood/Anxiety Disorders Clinic who does research at the University of British Columbia on the treatment of mood problems.
Dealing with Depression is based on the experience of the authors and on scientific research about which strategies work best in overcoming depression. Also, because strategies useful for adults may not be useful for adolescents, depressed and non-depressed teens helped in the development of this guide.
Dealing with Depression is intended for:
* teens with depressed mood
* concerned adults who want to help a depressed teen
* other teens who want to help a friend or family member
This guide is meant to provide teens with accurate information about depression. It is not a psychological or medical treatment, and is not a replacement for treatment where this is needed. If expert assistance or treatment is needed, the services of a competent professional should be sought.
Funding for this guide is provided by the Mental Health Evaluation & Community Consultation Unit (MHECCU) of The University of British Columbia through a grant by the Ministry of Children and Family Development, as part of the provincial Child and Youth Mental Health Plan.
A. researches on depression B. clinical psychologists giving treatment
C. adults with depressed mood D. people concerned with mood problems
A. professionals at universities B. natives of British Columbia
C. clinical psychologists D. co-authors lead by Dan Bilsker
72. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Depressed teens provide accurate information about depression.
B. Competent professionals will come to provide services if needed.
C. Dealing with Depression receives government financial support.
D. Dealing with Depression offers expert assistance and treatment.
.
A. an advertisement for medicine B. an introduction of a guidebook
C. a cartoon about psychologists D. an introduction of a health problem
(C)
Edgar Degas, J. M. W. Turner and other painters captured centuries of atmospheric records as they decorated canvases with sunset scenes.
Greek scientists worked with an artist to confirm that the ratio of red to green in sunset painting, both old and new, increased when particles filled the air, such as after major volcanic eruption(火山喷发) or dust storms. The atmospheric physicists also found a gradual shift in artistic sunset over centuries, possibly due to ever-increasing air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.
An earlier study, led by atmospheric physicist Christos Zerefos of the Academy of Athens in Greece, discovered that the amount of red relative to green in sunset descriptions increased after eruptions, including Tambora, Indonesia in 1815, Coseguina, Nicaragua in 1835 and Krakatau, Indonesia in 1883.
Zerefos’ team analyzed 554 paintings created between 1550 and 1990. For up to three years after eruptions, sunsets reddened as sunlight bounced off dust and gas from the volcanoes. The latest study, also by Zerefos, used improved scanning and analysis techniques to confirm the earlier results.
A modern painter, Panayiotis Tetsis, unknowingly repeated the artistic atmospheric observations of classical masters. In the artists’ description of sunsets light over the Greek island of Hydra, the color ratio shifted towards red in paintings done both before (June 19, 2010) and after (June 20, 2010) a dust cloud from Sahara Desert filtered the sunset’s light.
Zerefos’ team connected the timing of classical paintings’ red shift to other records of the atmosphere trapped in ice cores from Greenland, in the recent study published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. The ice cores recorded spikes (尖刺) in sulfur-containing chemicals likely from volcanoes. These spikes corresponded in time to artists’ increasingly dark red sunsets.
The comparison of ice and art also revealed a slow shift in the coloring of the sunset. As the factories of Europe roared into production in the 19th and early 20th century, painting described a steady increase in the red to green ratio. The ice cores recorded a steady rise in airborne particles from industrial pollution during the same time.
74. The underlined word “hues” in the second p.
A. angles B. colors C. locations D. times
75. What do we know about Zerefos’ research from the passage?
A. Both modern and ancient artists describing sunset are involved in the research.
B. It confirmed an obvious increase in the ratio of green to red in sunset paintings.
C. The shift from green to red also existed in the records of ice cores trapped items.
D. The team used traditional techniques to confirm the earlier results of the research.
76. How did Zerefos’ team confirm that atmospheric records kept by painters were reliable?
A. By analyzing classical paintings
B. By connecting time to color
C. By comparing art with ice
D. By working with an artist
77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. A modern research of ancient art and ice with pollution.
B. Art Masterpiece and pollutants trapped in ice cores.
C. An increase in the ratio of red to green in paintings
D. Art Masterpiece Recorded Centuries of Pollution.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Six thousand years ago, farmers in Mesopotamia dug a ditch to bring water from the Euphrates River. With that successful effort to satisfy their thirsty crops, they went on to form the world’s first irrigation(灌溉)-based civilization. Sumerian farmers harvested plentiful crops for some 2,000 years thanks to the extra water brought in from the river, but the soil, when water evaporates(蒸发), was eventually reduced to salinization, the poisonous buildup of salts and other substances left behind.
Far more people depend on irrigation in the modern world than did in ancient Sumeria. About 40 percent of the world’s food now grows in irrigated soils, which make up 18 percent of global cropland. Farmers who irrigate can typically get in two or three harvests every year and get higher crop yields. As a result. the spread of irrigation has a key factor behind the great increase in global grain production since 1950. Done correctly, irrigation will continue to play a leading role in feeding the world, but as history shows, dependence on irrigated agriculture also brings about significant risks.
Fortunately, a great deal of room exists for improving the productivity of water used in agriculture. A first line of attack is to increase irrigation efficiency. At present, most farmers irrigate their crops by flooding their fields or channeling the water down parallel furrows(犁沟), relying on gravity move the water across the land. The plants absorb only a small fraction of the water; the rest drains into rivers or evaporates. In many locations More efficient and environmentally sound technologies exist that could reduce water demand on farms by up to 50 percent.
Drip systems rank high among irrigation technologies with significant untapped potential. Unlike flooding techniques, drip systems enable farmers to deliver water directly to the plants’ roots drop by drop, nearly eliminating waste. Studies in India, Israel, Jordan, Spain and the US have shown time and again that drip irrigation reduces water use by 30 to 70 percent and increase crop yield by 20 to 90 percent compared with flooding methods. Sprinklers can perform almost as well as drip methods when they are designed properly. Traditional high-pressure irrigation sprinklers spray water high into the air to cover as large a land area as possible. The problem is that the more time the water spends in the air, the more of it evaporates and blows off course before reaching the plants. In contrast, new low-energy sprinklers deliver water in small doses through nozzles(喷嘴) placed just above the ground. Numerous farmers in Texas who have fixed such sprinklers have found that their plants absorb 90 to 95 percent of the water that leaves the sprinkler nozzles.
(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
79. The underlined word “practice” in paragraph 3 refers to farmers’ efforts toto irrigate their crops.
exist.
第II 卷 （共47分）
I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 我们通常需要一个星期才能从流感中恢复健康。（take ）
2. 我是多么思念故乡的青山绿水啊！（How ）
3. 由于看不懂英语，游客们根本不知道他们签的合同写了什么。（unaware ）
4. 店主试图让每位顾客都相信这些塑料玩具只有他这里才买得到。（convince ）
5. Hi有目光短浅的人才会轻信网络谣言，从而犯下令自己懊悔一辈子的错误。（thus ）
II. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
一天，有位学生上学迟到了。但是，在获悉他（她）上学路上发生的一切之后，老师并没有批评他（她），反而在班级里表扬了他（她）。这位学生上学路上到底发生了什么事呢？
假设你是这位学生，想象当天可能发生的情况，写一篇短文，以第一人称讲述一个合情合理的故事。
参考答案
第一卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
25.the most beautiful 26.have to/ought to/had better 27.is/are enclosed 28.displayed
29.runs 30. which 31. one 32. where
33. to 34.whispered 35.to find 36.letting 37.dreaming 38.so that
39.when 40. what
Section B
41-45 KHJFI 46-50 BGAEC
III. Reading
Section A 51-55 ABCDB 56-60 ACCDB 61-65BACCD
Section B 66-69 ABDB 70-73 DDCB 74-77 BACD
Section C
78. plentiful crops and salts
79. flood their fields or channel the water down parallel furrows
80. drip systems and new-energy sprinklers
81. played a leading role in feeding the world
第二卷
I. Translation
1. It usually takes us one week to recover from the flu.
2. How I miss the green mountain and the clear water in my hometown!
3. Due to the fact that they didn’t know English, the tourists were unaware of what their contracts were all about.
4. The shop owner tried to convince every customer that the plastic toys were available only in his shop.
5.Only short-sighted people will believe rumors on the Internet; thus making mistakes that they will regret in the rest of their lives.
II. Writing (略)