虚拟语气
一、概念
[Subjunctive Mood]
中文译作"虚拟语气"。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、
猜测、建议等含义。
二、语法结构
1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况）
与..事实相反 If从句 主句
过去 Had done Would* have done
现在 Were/did Would* do
将来 Should do/were/were to do Would* do
例句：If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good
harvest now. [过去]
If
[现在]
If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first.
[将来]
备注：
（1）上表中’would*’可因为句意的不同而用should、could、might。
（2) 如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。
例句：
He would still be alive today if he hadn’t taken that drug.
[与现在事实相反] [与过去事实相反]
(3) if可转换为其他形式
例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn’t have been so
successfully. [过去]
（=>可转换为：If there hadn’t been your advice, we „）
Your notes are almost illegible (难以辨认的). Notes typed out
would be a lot easier to he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. read.
[将来]
(=> 可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot
easier to read.)
I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me
of the disease.[过去]
(=> 可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..)
2、wish结构
与..事实相反
过去 Had done
现在 Were/did
将来 Would+do
备注：可转换为其他形式。
例句：He talks as if (好像) he had done all the work himself.
[过去]
I wish I were a bird.
I wish he handn' done that.
I wish I would be rich in the future.
3、should结构
从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此
结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer,
propose, request, suggest,intend等。
例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud.
注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不
用虚拟语气。
例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what
I had done for him.
He insisted that he was honest.
4、would rather ＋从句
在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。
例句：I would rather you did this instead of me.
5、主语从句中的虚拟语气
1）It be + 形容词 + that ．．．（should）．．．
用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny,
strange, surprising ．
一些名词也可以用于 在该结构中。如：a pity， no wonder．．．．
2）It be + 过去分词 + that ．．．（should）．．．．
用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired， suggested， requested，
ordered， proposed等。
3）It is time（about time， high time）that ．．．（过去式动词形式或should＋动词原形）．．．．
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
6、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同
位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省
略。
例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?
三、使用范围及判断
1、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。
2、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟
语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法”
后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：
1）与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
2）与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
3）与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.
If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out.
四、注意事项
1.if条件从句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。将were，should，had提前。
2、在现代英语中if条件状语从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
3、wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。注意：与哪个事实相反，不能以主句的时态为判断依据，而是根据从句的意义判断。
虚拟语气专项练习110题
Part A
1. The boy acted ____ he had never lived in Canada before.
A. as though B. even if C. as D. since
2. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive.
A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone
3. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday.
A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed
4. The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once.
A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring
5. I wish I ____ able to tell him all about it last night.
A. was B. were C. had been D. should be
6. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus.
A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught
C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught
7. If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him.
A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have
8. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
9. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _____ right away.
A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested
10. Jane's uncle insisted ____ in this hotel any longer.
A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not
11. Don't touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _____ you.
A. would come to B. would come at C. would have come toward D. will come to
12. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
13. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.
A. had tried B. hadn't tried C. have tried D. didn't try
14. He demanded that the laboratory report ___ immediately after the experiment was done.
A. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written
15. The man insisted that he _____ there.
A. should send B. would be sent C. sent D. be sent
16. If he had not gone out in the storm _____.
A. he will be alive now B. he would be alive now
C. he would have been alive now
17. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do?
A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain
18. It is required that you ____ at six.
A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive
19. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.
A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew
20. He spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, as though his thought _____.
A. was far away B. had been far away C. were far away D. went far away.
21. If it ___ rain, we ___ get wet.
A. is to, should B. were to, would C. were going to, would
D. was going to, should
22. If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now.
A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know
C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know
23. But for the party, he ___ of hunger 30 years ago.
A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die
24. ___ today, he would get there for holiday.
A. Was he leaving B. Were he to leave C. Would he leave D. If he leaves
25. I would have come earlier, but I ___ that you were waiting for me.
A. didn’t know B. hadn’t know C. would have known D. haven’t known
26. It’s high time that we ___ to school.
A. would to B. went C. go D. will go
27. It seems as if it ___ rain.
A. will to B. is going to C. is to D. were going to
28. I’d rather you ___ right away.
A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave
29. He is working hard for fear that he ___.
A. fails B. failed C. would fail D. fail
30. It is really strange that the girl ___ so early.
A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry
31. Supposing I ___ this gift, what would he say?
A. accept B. accepted C. should accept D. would accept
32. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ___ two weeks to prepare for the exam.
A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given
33. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I ___ your birthday party.
A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended
34. He insisted that he ___ me before.
A. see B. should see C. had seen D. saw
35. The two strangers talked as if they ___ friends for years.
A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been
36. We ___ our lives had it not been for the policeman.
A. would have lost B. should lose C. might lose D. could have lost
37. ---- I thought you would come back tomorrow.
---- I would if I ___ to attend a meeting.
A. don’t have B. didn’t have C. will not have D. would not have
38. He wishes ___ mistakes.
A. he doesn’t always make B. he isn’t always making
C. he didn’t always make D. he wouldn’t always making
39. It ___ very nice if only it were possible.
A. will be B. would be C. is D. were
40. Without your help, our team ___ the last match.
A. won’t win B. will lose C. wouldn’t have won D. can’t win
41. I wish I ___ what to do.
A. knew B. have known C. know D. would know
42. ___, I would take an umbrella with me.
A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you
43. If I had hurried, I ___ the train.
A. would catch B. could catch C. would have caught D. had caught
44. He insisted that John ___ it.
A. do B. does C. did D. would do
45. It is high time we ___ off.
A. are B. were C. be D. will be
46. He felt as if he ___ more time to study for the test.
A. needs B. were needed C. needed D. need
47. It is important that I ___ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak
48. James wishes he ___ the football game instead of the film.
A. saw B. see C. had been seen D. had seen
49. I wish ___.
A. he left B. he leaves me alone C. he be left D. he would leave me alone
50. If I had known that, I ___ so.
A. wouldn’t do B. wouldn’t have done C. won’t do D. have not done
51. The doctor suggested that she ___.
A. will not smoke B. not smoke C. would not smoke D. did not smoke
52. If I ___ you, I wouldn’t return the call.
A. be B. am C. was D. were
53. You talk as if you ___ there.
A. were really B. has really been C. had really been D. would really be
54. He suggested that the work ___ at once.
A. would started B.would be started C.should started D. should be started
55. It is strange that such a thing ___ in your school.
A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened
56. It is imperative that you ___ on time.
A. are B. will be C. be D. would be
57. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ___ there.
A. was B. were C. had been D. went
58. It is time we ___ up our results.
A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum
59. If the doctor had been available, the child ___.
A. would not die B. would not have died
C. could not die D. could not have died
60. Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he ___.
A. never had felt tired B. had never felt tired
C. never felt tired D. was tired never
Part B
61. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I ___ the book from which it was made.
A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. am reading
62. You are late. If you ___ a few minutes earlier, you ___ him.
A. came/ would meet B. had come/ would have met C. come/ will meet
D. had come/ would met
63. I wish my husband ___ as well as yours.
A. had dressed B. dress C. will dress D. dressed
64. Edison kept phosphorus carefully in a bottle lest it ___.
A. would burn B. burned C. was burning D. should burn
65. He looked as if he ___ ill for a long time.
A. was B. were C. has been D. had been
66. If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child ___.
A. would not have been lied there for two hours
B. would not have laid there for two hours
C. would not have lied there for two hours
D. would not have lain there for two hours
67. I wish that I ___ with you last night.
A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone
68. Let’s say you could go there again, how ___ feel?
A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you
69. --- Mr. Brown left for London long ago. ---That’s a pity. I wish ___.
A. I meet him. B. I’ll have met him C. I had met him D. I’d meet him
70. I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he ___ everything.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known
71. I wish I ___.
A. will tell him that B. didn’t tell him that
C. told him not that D. had not told him that
72. If you had told me in advance, I ___ him at the airport.
A. would meet B. would had meet C. would have met D. would have meet
73. Kunar can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he ___ me how.
A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach
74. I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I ___ so busy then.
A. had been B. were C. was D. would be
75. I wish I ___ able to tell him all about it last night.
A. should be B. were C. had been D. was
76. If it ___ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.
A. had rained B. would had rained C. have seen D. did see
77. He suggested that they ___ use a trick instead of fighting.
A. should B. would C. do D. had
78. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he ___ there.
A. not went B. won’t go C. not go D. not to go
79. I would have gone to the meeting if I ___ time.
A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had
80. John wished ___.
A. he will study more B. he had studied more C. he studies
D. he won’t have studied more
81. You look so tired tonight. It is time you ___.
A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed
82. “Why didn’t you buy a new car?” “I would have bought one if I ___ enough money. ”
A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had
83. I recommended that the student ___ his composition as soon as possible.
A. finishing writing B. should finish the writing
C. finish writing D. finished writing
84. If she could sew, ___.
A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt C. she will make a shirt
D. she would had made a coat
85. ___ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
86. His doctor suggested that he ___ a short trip abroad.
A. will take B. would take C. take D. took
87. The Bakers arrived last night, if they’d only let us know earlier, ___ at the station.
A. we’d meet them B. we’ll meet them
C. we’d have met them D. we’ve met them
88. If I __ you, I ___ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A. was/ shall pay B. am/ will pay C.would be/ would pay D.were/ would pay
89. We might have failed if you ___ us a helping hand.
A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give
90. The Law requires that everyone ___ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has B. had C. have D. will have
91. I wish ___ I busy yesterday; I could have helped you with the problem.
A. hadn’t been B. weren’t C. wasn’t D. have not been
92. Had I known her name, ___.
A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live?
C. she would be beautiful D. I would have invited her to lunch
93. He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ___ all about that.
A. know B. knows C. known D. knew
94. If I ___ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.
A. possessed B. owned C. had D. had had
95. I wish I ___ a young man again.
A. am B. was C. were D. will be
96. The librarian insists that John ___ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed.
A. will take B. took C. take D. takes
97. I left very early last night, but I wish I ___ so early.
A. didn’t B. hadn’t left C. haven’t left D. couldn’t leave
98. I do not have a job. I would find one but I ___ no time.
A. had B. didn’t have C. had had D. have
99. I wish that you ___ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.
A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have
100. He insisted that we all ___ in his office at one o’clock.
A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be
101. -- Helen couldn’t go to France after all. --That’s too bad, I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if ___.
A. she’s gone B. she’ll go C. she’d gone D. she’d go
102. I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I ___ an hour before the discussion begins.
A. go B. shall go C. will go D. would go
103. If her husband had not liked the dress ___.
A. she would be delighted B. he would get mad C. she would have returned it D. she must have taken it back to the store
104. If I ___ you, I ___ worry.
A. were/ wouldn’t B.was/ wouldn’t C. been/ would have D. be/ would 105. We ___ delighted if the report ___ true.
A.were/ were B. shall be/ were C. should be/ were D. were/ would be 106. If he ___ here, he ___ you.
A. had been/ would have helped C. would have been/ should have helped
B. were/ had helped D. would have been/ would had helped
107. If I ___ so busy, I ___ the lecture that day.
A. were not be/ should attend B. should not/ should have attend
C. was not/ would attend D. had not been/ would have attended
108. If I ___ the way to New York, I ___.
A. knew / would drive B. knew/ will drive C. knew/ would have drive
D. had known/ would drive
109. But for the leadership of our Party, we ___.
A. shouldn’t succeed B. could not have succeed C. will not succeed
D. should not have succeeded
110. You ___ the train if you ___ a little earlier.
A. could take/ started B. could have taken/ had started
C. could take/ had started D. could have taken / started
PART A
1.A 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. B
17. B 18. B 19. D 20. B 21.B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C
31. B 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. C 41. A 42. C 43. C 44. A
45. B 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. D 50. B 51. B 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. C 56. C 57. C 58. B
59. B 60.B
PART B
61. B 62. B 63. D 64. D 65. D 66. D 67. D 68. C 69. C 70. A 71. D 72. C 73. D 74. C
75. C 76. A 77. A 78. C 79. A 80. B 81. D 82. D 83. C 84. B 85. C 86. C 87. C 88. D
89. C 90. C 91. A 92. D 93. D 94. D 95. C 96. C 97. B 98. D 99. C 100. A 101. C 102.
A 103. C 104. A 105. C 106. A 107. D 108. A 109. D 110. B