状语从句（初中）
【考点直击】 考纲要求： 1.掌握各种状语从句， 包括常用的时间状语从句、 条件状语从句、 原因状语从句、 目的状语从句。 2. 正确使用各种状语及其时态。 3. 掌握条件状语中“主将从现”的用法。 命题规律： 预计 2012 年主要考查内容集中在各种状语从句引导词的用法和时间、条件状语 从句及其主句的时态。题型可能出现在单项选择、完成句子或语法填空。 状语从句的定义： 在复合句中，用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词等的从句叫状语从句。 根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句， 原 因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句和方 式状语从句。 1. 时间状语从句 时间状语从句常用 when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as 等连词 来引导。 当主句用一般将来时或表示将来含义时，时间状语从句常用一般现在时 表将来。 I’ll tell you the news when I come back.当我回来时，我会告诉你这个消息。 She will call me as soon as she arrives in Shanghai.她一到上海就会给我打电话。 ① 在 when（当…时）引导的时间状语从句中，动作可以是表示延续性的，也可 以是表示瞬间的；while 引导的从句中，动作一定是表示延续的。 I was watching TV when Tom came in.汤姆进来时，我正在看电视。 Tom came in while I was watching TV.当我正在看电视时，汤姆进来了。 ② As（当；一边…一边…）引导的时间状语从句，强调主句的动作与从句的动 作同时发生，when 与 while 也有此用法。另外 as 常表示从句动作先于主句动 作. As she was dancing, she was singing.
It’s getting colder and colder as the winter comes. 随着冬天的到来，天气越来越冷 了。 ③ before 表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前；after 表示主句的动作发生在从 句动作之后。 She was so interested in the book that she had read it for three hours before she realized it.她对这本书如此感兴趣，以至于在她意识到之前她已经读了 3 个小时。 Iwent to bed after I finished homework.我做完家庭作业后就去睡了。 ④ until/ till 表示主句动作结束的时间。在肯定句中表示“直到…为止”，主句要用 延续性动词。 My mother waited till/until I came back.妈妈一直等到我回来。 在否定句中， until/till 表示“直到…才”， 主句通常用瞬间动词， 这时 until 可用 before 替换。常构成：not…until 结构，有时可用 never, nothing 代替 not. He didn’t leave until/before I came back. 直到我回来，他才走。 ⑤ since, ever since 引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间，译为“自… 以来”。主句常用一般现在时或现在完成时
，从句用一般过去时，常用句型为： It has been…since 从句；It is +一段时间+since 从句。 It’s ten years since I worked in the hospital.我在这家医院工作 10 年了。 He has taught us maths since he came here.自从他来这里，他就教我们数学。 ⑥ 由 by the time 引导的时间状语从句注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从 句的谓语动词用一般过去时， 主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动 词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。 By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时， 我已经写完这本书 了。 By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。 ⑦ 由 each time, every time, whenever 引导的时间状语从句。 Each time she came to Guangzhou, she would call on me.她每次来广州，总是来看 我。 Whenever you go, I will follow you! 无论你什么时候去，我都跟着你。
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，都见你更年轻了。 2. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句一般由连接副词 where, wherever 等引导. We want to go where work is hard. 我们要到工作艰苦的地方去。 Wherever we go, we must learn from others.无论我们去到哪里，都必须向别人学 习。 ▲注意一个句型：Where 从句， （there+）主句 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 Where bees are, there is honey. 有蜂就有蜜。 此句型通常译为“哪里…哪里就…”；主句在从句后面时，there 可用可不用；如 果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用 there. 3. 原因状语从句 由 because, as, since, for 等词引导。 ① because 表示的往往是读者不了解的、不明显的原因，是全句叙述的重点，语 气最强, 只能用 because 回答由疑问词 why 引导的疑问句。 He was absent from the meeting that day because he had a bad cold. 他那天因患重感冒缺席了那次会议。 Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.因为他昨天生病了， 所以没去上 学。 ▲ because 不能与并列连词 so 同时在句中使用。 She was late for school because she missed the bus.=She missed the bus, so she was late for school. 因为她错过了公共汽车，所以上学迟到了。 ② since（既然）是指分析后的原因，读者多少了解，不是全句叙述的重点，语 气较弱。 Since you have read the story, I won’t tell you again.既然你读过这个故事， 我就不再 讲了。 Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，咱们开会吧。 ③ as（因为，由于）表示读者了解的明显原因，不是全句叙述的重点，较口语 化，语气较弱。
As I was in a hurry, I left my book at home.因为太匆忙，所以我把书忘家里了。 As I knew he was ill, I didn’t call him.我知
道他病了，没给他打电话。 ④ 有 because 引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可用 for 来代替，但 如果不是说明直接原因，而是对多种情况加以推断，就只能用 for He is absent today, because/for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 4. 目的状语从句 用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的从句叫做目的状语从句。 表示目的状 语的从句可以由 that 以便） so that(以便)等词引导。 （ , 目的状语从句中常含有 can, could, may, might, should 等情态动词。 Say it louder (so) that everyone can hear you.大声说，以便大家都能听到你。 He left early so that he could catch the train.他早早动身，以便能赶上火车。 5. 结果状语从句 结果状语从句表示结果，通常位于主句之后。引导结果状语从句的连词（词组） 有：so…that, such…that(如此…以至于), that(结果)等。 ① so…that 与 such…that 的区别 so…that 与 such…that 常用句式如下： so+形容词/副词+that 从句 so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that 从句 such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that 从句 such+形容词+名词复数/不可数名词+that 从句 He is so young that he can’t go to school.他那么小以至于不能上学。 She is such a good girl that we all like her.=She is so good a girl that we all like her. 她是那么好的一个女孩以至于我们都喜欢她。 He speaks so fast that I couldn’t follow him.他讲得太快了，我跟不上。 I have so much time that I can chat with you.我有那么多时间以至于可以和你聊天。 ② 当 that 引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时，so…that…可以与 be…enough to do 转换；当从句为否定句时，可以与 too…to…或 be not…enough to do 转换，从而 使复合句变为简单句。 Peter is so tall that he can reach the apple on the big tree.= Peter is tall enough to
reach the apple on the big tree.彼得足够高能摘到那颗高树上的苹果。 The boy is so young that he can’t look after himself.=The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩不够大，不能照顾他自己。 6. 条件状语从句 由 if, unless 等连词引导。 unless 在意义上相当于 if…not 表示“除非”“如果不”。 由 于本身已含有否定意义， 因此不要在 unless 后用否定句式。 若主句是一般将来时， if, unless 引导的从句要用一般现在时表将来。 若主句为祈使句或用一般现在时或 含情态动词。从句也用一般现在时。 I won’t go unless I’m invited.除非请我，不然我不去。 If you work hard, you’ll make progress.努力学习，你会进步的。 条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴，有时它可以替代从句和主句，它就是 “祈使句+and/or+简单句”。其中 and 表示句意顺承；or 表示转折，意为“否则”。 If you work harder, you’ll pass the
exam.=Work harder and you’ll pass the exam. If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train.= Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 7. 让步状语从句 在主句中作让步状语的从句称为让步状语从句。让步状语从句可置于句首，也可 置于句尾。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, even if, even though 等。 though, although 表示“虽然，纵然”之意。这 2 个连词意义大致相同，在一般情况 下可以互换使用。在口语中，though 较常使用，although 比 though 正式。 Although/Though his father was worn out, he kept on working. 虽然他父亲已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。 ▲ though, although 不能与 but 在句子中同时使用。 Though the old man was poor, he was very happy.= The old man was poor, but he was very happy. 尽管那位老人很贫穷，但他很快乐。 even if, even though 表示“即使…”之意。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同，它们 常可互换使用，如： We’ll make a trip even if / though the weather is bad. 8. 比较状语从句 比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中。
① 原级 (1) as…as 和….一样 Jack is as tall as Tom.杰克和汤姆一样高。 (2) not so (as)….as… 不如….那样… She is not so (as) outgoing as her sister.她不如她姐姐外向。 ② 比较级 more…than 比…更…. This book is more instructive than that one.这本书比那本书有教育意义。 ③ 最高级 (1) the most…in/of This book is the most interesting of the three.这本书是 3 本中最有趣的。 (2) the+形容词最高级….of/ in This road is the busiest street in our city. 这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。 ▲one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，意为“最….之一” （用于最高级） Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.韩梅是我们学校最好的学生之一。 9. 方式状语从句 在主句中作方式状语的从句称为方式状语从句。方式状语从句通常由 as, as if, as though 引导。 as 从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如” “就像”，多用于正式文体，如： Always do to the others as you would be done by. 希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样 待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。 as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同。常译作“仿佛…似的” “好像…似的”如： He looks as if (as though)he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。 It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。 注意：①状语从句可以在主句之前，也可以在主句之后。在主句之前一般要用逗 号隔开，朗读时用升调；在主句之后一般不用逗号隔开，朗读时用降调。 ② 状语从句的时态要相互呼应， 比如由 as soon as, when, until
等引导的时间状语 从句表示将来的动作时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
③ if 引导的条件状语从句满足“主将从现”原则。 ④ 若条件状语从句放在宾语从句中，时态则依宾语从句的要求而变。 ⑤ though 引导的让步状语从句不能和 but 连用。
重难解读： 【例 1】 （2009， 河源） They ﹍﹎﹎to that supermarket many times since they moved here. A. have been 答案 A 【思路点拨】本题考生易错选 B 项。由于 since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去 时， 主句常用完成时。 Have been to 表示去过某地， 而现在已不再那里； have gone to 表示去过了某地， 现在人可能在途中或已到达那里， 而语意要表达的是他们去 过那超市好几次了。 【例 2】 （2010， 广东） Greens will visit Haiman as soon as they ﹍﹎﹎to China. The A. comes 答案 B 【思路点拨】本题考查时间状语从句的用法。根据语意及时态，as soon as 意为 “一……就”，时间状语从句中从句用一般现在时表示将来，从句主语 they 为复 数，所以谓语用 come. 【例 3】 （2011，广东）I won’t believe that the five-year-old boy can read magazines ﹍﹎﹎I test him myself. A. if 答案 D 【思路点拨】考查复合句中的连词。句意为“直到我自己测试，我才相信那个 5 岁的男孩能读杂志”。not….until 意为“直到…才”。因此选择 D 项。 【例 4】---Let’s go fishing if it﹍﹎﹎this weekend. ---But nobody knows if it﹍﹎﹎. A. is fine; will rain C. will be fine; will rain B. will be fine; rains D. is fine; rains B. when C. after D. until B. come C. came D. will come B. have gone C. will go D. went
答案 A 【思路点拨】第一句中 if 是“如果”的意思，引导一个条件状语从句，故从句中用 一般现在时表示将来，用 is fine. 第二句 if 是“是否”的意思，引导一个宾语从句， 不需要用“主将从现”因此要用 will rain.因此只能选择 A. 【例 5】﹍﹎﹎I got to the cinema, the film had begun. A .while 答案 C 【思路点拨】 since 意为“自从…以来， 既然”， though 意为“尽管”， 均不符合题意。 While 常表示从句与主句动作同时发生，与进行时连用。根据句意，从句与主句 动作先后发生，因此选择 when. 真题实战 1． （2011，清远）Jack still came to school﹍﹎﹎he was ill. A. though B. but C. if D. so B. Since C. When D. Though
2. (2010,广州) The teacher speaks very loudly ﹍﹎﹎all the students can hear her. A. so that B. because C. since D. when
3. (2010.肇庆) ﹍﹎﹎he knew he was wrong, he didn’t say sorry to us. A. Though B. When C. As
4. (2010,北京) Tom will call me as soon as he ﹍﹎﹎home. A. gets B. has got C. got D. will get
5. (2009, 广东) Sam ﹍﹎﹎Chinese since he came to China. He speaks good Chinese now. A. learns B. learned C
. has learned D. will learn
6. (2009,孝感) ----Tommy, do you know if Frank ﹍﹎﹎to the zoo this Sunday if it ﹍﹎﹎. -----Sorry, I have no idea. A. will go; is going to be fine C. goes; is fine B. will go; is fine D. goes; will be fine
7. (2009, 中山) ---When are you going to tell Henry the good news? ----I will tell him ﹍﹎﹎he comes back. A. since B. as soon as C. because D. until
8. (2011,十堰)----Tom’s father looks very serious. ----- ﹍﹎﹎he is very kind. A. Though B. If C. And D. But
9. (2011,十堰)----Look, what have you done? ----Sorry. I think if I ﹍﹎﹎another chance, I will do it better, A. give B. will be given C. will give D. am given
10. (2011,绥化) Jack likes reading a newspaper ﹍﹎﹎he is having breakfast. A. and B. while C. because
11. (2011,绥化) I am waiting for my friend. ﹍﹎﹎, I’ll go shopping alone. A. If she comes B. If she won’t come C. If she doesn’t come
12. (2011, 包头) ----Please wait here. I’ll come back soon. ----All right. We’ll ﹍﹎﹎the library ﹍﹎﹎you come back. A. leave; until B. reach; till C. stay at; till D. wait for; until
13. (2011,杭州) I really enjoyed your lecture, ﹍﹎﹎there were some parts I didn’t quite understand. A. because B. unless C. though D. after
14. (2011, 河北) They will lose the game ﹍﹎﹎they try their best. A. unless B. once C. since D. after
15. (2011, 苏州) Good to see you again. It’s almost three years ﹍﹎﹎we met last time. A. until B. before C. while D. since
16. (2011, 南宁) I’ll go out for a walk after supper if it ﹍﹎﹎rain. A. didn’t 巩固练习 1. ﹍﹎﹎he was listening to the music, John fell asleep. A. After B. Before C. While D. As soon as B. won’t C. isn’t D. doesn’t
2. He was riding to shool ﹍﹎﹎he was hit by a car this morning. A. while B. when C. as D. so
3. Lucy knew nothing about it ﹍﹎﹎her sister told her. A. because B. until C. if D. since
4. Jim has been in the factory for two years ﹍﹎﹎he left school. A. when B. since C. as soon as D. whether
5. Jane wore a raincoat ﹍﹎﹎it was raining. A. so B. but C. however D. because
6. ﹍﹎﹎they arrived early at the airport, they nearly missed their flight. A. If B. Because C. As soon as D. Although
7. Bill won’t make any progress ﹍﹎﹎he studies harder than before. A. if B. when C. because D. unless
8. You should make a good plan ﹍﹎﹎you do anything important. A. before B. after C. though D. until
9. ﹍﹎﹎she went out of the room, she turned back and knocked at the teacher’s door again. A. Until B. As soon as C. Since D. Before
10. ﹍﹎﹎he was not well, I decided to go without him. A. Though B. As C. When D. Because of
11. This book is written in ﹍﹎﹎easy English ﹍﹎﹎beginners can understand. A. such; that B. so; that C. such; as D. too; that
12. Several days has passed ﹍﹎﹎the air crash happened. A. since B. after C. as D. if
13. You’ll do
much better ﹍﹎﹎you’re more careful with your spelling. A. if B. before C. although D. unless
14. ﹍﹎﹎the music is not very popular, I enjoy it. A. If B. When C. Until D. Though
15. My brother got up early ﹍﹎﹎he could catch the 6:30 train, A. so that B. after that C. very much D. besides that
状语从句答案： The keys: 真题实战： 1—5 A A A A C 巩固练习： 1—5. C B B B D
6-10. B B D D B 6—10. D D A B B
11—15. CCCAD 16. D 11-15. A B A D A